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The River IJssel ((:ˈɛi̯səl)), sometimes called Gelderse IJssel ("Gueldern IJssel") to avoid confusion with the Hollandse IJssel, is the branch of the Rhine in the Dutch provinces of Gelderland and Overijssel. The Romans knew the river as Isala. The IJssel flows from Westervoort, east of the city of Arnhem, until it discharges into the IJsselmeer ("Lake IJssel", known prior to the 1932 completion of the Afsluitdijk as the Zuiderzee, a North Sea inlet). The River IJssel is one of the three major distributary branches (along with the rivers Nederrijn and Waal) into which the Rhine divides shortly after crossing the German-Dutch border. The name includes the digraph ''ij'', which behaves like a single letter in Dutch orthography - this explains why both letters appear capitalized (compare: IJmuiden and IJsselmeer). == History == The name ''IJssel'' (older ''Isla'', ''Isala'', from *''Īsalō''), is thought to derive from a Proto-Indo-European root *''eis''- "to move quickly" (cf. Old Norse ''eisa'' ("to race forward"), Latin ''ira'' ("anger")).〔J. de Vries, ''Etymologisch woordenboek''. Utrecht: Het Spectrum, 1959〕 In the Middle Ages, the Zuiderzee had not yet formed, and in its place there was an inland lake known as ''Vlies'' (Lat. ''Flevo''), and the IJssel flowed through the surrounding lakelands. However, since the formation of the Zuiderzee and obstruction from the Afsluitdijk, the IJssel no longer flows into its estuary, the Vlie, now restricted in meaning and referring only to the strait separating the islands of Vlieland (itself named after the Vlie strait) and Terschelling. It is hypothesised that the now-poldered tidal inlets near Medemblik and the IJ (near Amsterdam) once were branches of river IJssel. The river was a natural line of defence and in April 1945 had to be stormed by assault troops of the Allied armies liberating the Netherlands from the occupying forces of Nazi Germany. Canadian histories refer to the river in English as "Ijssel".〔Stacey, C. P. ''History of the Canadian Army in the Second World War: Volume III The Victory Campaign''〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「IJssel」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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